Low Blood Pressure
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Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden fall in blood pressure that occurs when a
person assumes a standing position. It may be caused by hypovolemia (a decreased
amount of blood in the body), resulting from the excessive use of diuretics,
vasodilators, or other types of drugs, dehydration, or prolonged bed rest. The
disorder may be associated with Addison's disease, atherosclerosis (build-up
of fatty deposits in the arteries), diabetes, and certain neurological disorders
including Shy-Drager syndrome and other dysautonomias. Symptoms, which generally
occur after sudden standing, include dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision,
and syncope (temporary loss of consciousness).
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When orthostatic hypotension is caused by hypovolemia due to medications,
the disorder may be reversed by adjusting the dosage or by discontinuing the
medication. When the condition is caused by prolonged bed rest, improvement
may occur by sitting up with increasing frequency each day. In some cases,
physical counterpressure such as elastic hose or whole-body inflatable suits
may be required. Dehydration is treated with salt and fluids.
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The prognosis for individuals with orthostatic hypotension depends on the
underlying cause of the condition.
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National Organization
for Rare Disorders (NORD)
National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute (NHBLI)
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