Repetitive Motion Disorders
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Repetitive motion disorders (RMDs) are a
family of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions
performed in the course of normal work or daily activities. RMDs
include carpal tunnel syndrome, bursitis, tendonitis, epicondylitis,
ganglion cyst, tenosynovitis, and trigger finger. RMDs are caused by
too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion,
unnatural or awkward motions such as twisting the arm or wrist,
overexertion, incorrect posture, or muscle fatigue. RMDs occur most
commonly in the hands, wrists, elbows, and shoulders, but can also
happen in the neck, back, hips, knees, feet, legs, and ankles. The
disorders are characterized by pain, tingling, numbness, visible
swelling or redness of the affected area, and the loss of
flexibility and strength. For some individuals, there may be no
visible sign of injury, although they may find it hard to perform
easy tasks Over time, RMDs can cause temporary or permanent damage
to the soft tissues in the body -- such as the muscles, nerves,
tendons, and ligaments - and compression of nerves or tissue.
Generally, RMDs affect individuals who perform repetitive tasks such
as assembly line work, meatpacking, sewing, playing musical
instruments, and computer work. The disorders may also affect
individuals who engage in activities such as carpentry, gardening,
and tennis.
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Treatment for RMDs usually includes reducing or
stopping the motions that cause symptoms. Options include taking
breaks to give the affected area time to rest, and adopting
stretching and relaxation exercises. Applying ice to the affected
area and using medications such as pain relievers, cortisone, and
anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce pain and swelling. Splints may be
able to relieve pressure on the muscles and nerves. Physical therapy
may relieve the soreness and pain in the muscles and joints. In rare
cases, surgery may be required to relieve symptoms and prevent
permanent damage. Some employers have developed ergonomic programs
to help workers adjust their pace of work and arrange office
equipment to minimize problems.
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Most individuals with RMDs recover completely and
can avoid re-injury by changing the way they perform repetitive
movements, the frequency with which they perform them, and the
amount of time they rest between movements. Without treatment, RMDs
may result in permanent injury and complete loss of function in the
affected area.
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Much of the on-going research on RMDs is aimed at
prevention and rehabilitation. The National Institute of Arthritis
and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) funds research on
RMDs.
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American Chronic Pain Association
(ACPA)
National Chronic Pain
Outreach Association (NCPOA)
National Institute of
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information Clearinghouse
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
